Does 12% hydrogen peroxide exposure to the eye cause permanent blindness or temporary blindness?
It depends on the exposure time; if we are talking a few seconds, then it may cause the outer conjunctiva of the eye to cloud over as it will have burned the surface. It will look a bit like a cataract or glaucoma in appearance.
If it's on there longer, then the peroxide may penetrate deeper and cause more damage, as H2O2 is very similar to water and the water content of the eye is extremely high, so it can penetrate very easily.
Medical response to this would normally be to irrigate the eye with saline or fresh water for at least 15 to 30 minutes, then apply antibiotic ointment and anaesthetic eye drops to the effected eye, to prevent infection and reduce irritation.
If you are very lucky, this effect will be temporary and steroid eye drops may be able to clear the cloudiness up in time. The worst case is that the eye is scarred and it will be permanent.
This is why we recommend anyone using peroxide based materials wear eye protection.